Types of electric vehicles

Different types of electric cars have changed and are continually being developed to offer options to users and potential users. The terms BEV, HEV, PHEV, and FCEV are becoming more and more familiar to today’s world. The operation of an electric vehicle depends on the type.

An electric car is a vehicle that works totally or partially on electric motors and uses the energy stored in the rechargeable batteries. The first practical electric car was produced in the year 1880s. Electric cars started to become popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Innovations and advancements in internal combustion engines Internal combustion engine (ICE) and the mass production of cheaper gasoline vehicles have led to a decline in the use of electric vehicles.

Types of electric vehicles

Types of electric vehicles and The development of energy storage technology, especially battery technology, made electric cars more popular again during this period.

Types of electric vehicles: Working of an electric vehicle in general

This operating principle applies to the battery electric vehicle (BEV) type.

When the car pedal is engaged, then the controller takes and regulates the electrical energy from the batteries and inverters to power up the car.

When the controller is configured, the inverter sends a certain amount of electrical energy to the motor (depending on the pressure given on the pedal). Electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy around (rotation).

Rotation of the motor rotor turns the gearbox so that the wheels turn and then the car moves.

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Types of electric vehicles: Different types of Electric cars

In the Types of electric vehicles There are 4 (four) types of electric cars with the following general description:

  1. Types of electric vehicles: Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)

A battery electric vehicle (BEV), also called an all-electric vehicle (AEV), is completely powered by a battery pack and an electric drivetrain / electric motor. Electric cars of this type do not have internal combustion engine (ICE). Electricity is stored in a large battery that is charged by plugging it into the mains. The battery pack, in turn, supplies power to one or more electric motors to power the electric car.

Functional Principles:

Electricity is converted by the DC battery into AC power for the electric motor. The accelerator pedal sends a signal to the controller which then adjusts the speed of the electric vehicle by changing the frequency of the AC current from the inverter to the motor. The motor connects and spins the wheels through a gear. When the brakes are applied or the electric car decelerates, the engine turns into an alternator, generating electricity that is sent back to the battery.

  1. Types of electric vehicles: Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)

This type of hybrid car is often called a standard hybrid or parallel hybrid. HEV has an internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electric motor. In this type of electric car, the Internal combustion engine draws energy from fuel (gasoline and other fuels) while the engine draws energy from batteries. Gasoline and electric motors turn the gearbox that drives the wheels at the same time.

The difference between HEVs compared to BEVs and PHEVs is that batteries in HEVs can only be charged by the Internal combustion engine (ICE), wheel movement or a combination of both. There is no charging connection, so the battery cannot be charged from outside the system, for example from the network.

Functional principles of HEV

It has a fuel tank that powers the engine with gasoline like a normal car. It also has a kit of batteries that power an Electric motor. Both the internal combustion engine (ICE) motor and the electric motor can rotate the transmission at the same time

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  1. Types of electric vehicles: Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)

PHEV is a type of hybrid vehicle that is an Internal combustion engine and an electric motor engine, often referred to as a series hybrid. These types of electric cars offer a variety of fuels. These types of electric cars run on a conventional fuel (eg. gasoline) or an alternative fuel (eg. biodiesel) and a rechargeable battery. The battery can be charged with electricity by plugging it into an electrical outlet or electric vehicle charging station (EVCS). The

PHEV can generally be operated in at least two modes:  an electric mode, in which the engine and battery provide all the power for the car, second the hybrid mode, in which both electricity and gasoline are used. Some PHEVs can travel more than 70 miles on electricity stored in the batteries alone.

Types of electric vehicles: The Functional Principles of the PHEV

PHEVs typically start in an all-electric mode and runs on electricity stored in the batteries until the batteries are discharged. Some models switch to hybrid mode when they reach cruising speed on the highway, usually over 60 or 70 mph. As soon as the battery discharges, the engine starts and the vehicle operates as a conventional internal combustion engine car as a non-plug-in hybrid.

In addition to connecting to an external power source, PHEV batteries can be charged by an Internal combustion engine or regenerative braking. When braking, the electric motor acts as a generator and uses the energy to charge the battery. The electric motor complements the power of the motor; This allows smaller engines to be used, increasing the vehicle’s fuel efficiency without compromising performance.

  1. Types of electric vehicles: Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV)

Types of electric vehicles has Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV), also known as Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCV) or Zero Emission Vehicles, are 4,444 types of electric cars that use “fuel cell technology” to generate the electricity needed to operate. the vehicle. In this type of vehicle, the chemical energy of the fuel is converted directly into electrical energy.

Functional principles of FCEV

The functional principle of a fuel cell electric car differs from that of a plug-in electric car. This type of electric car is due to the fact that the FCEV generates the electricity necessary to operate this vehicle in the vehicle itself.